SingleImmune & Gut

Thymosin Alpha-1 5mg

Thymosin Alpha-1 is a 28-amino-acid peptide studied for T-cell maturation, dendritic function, and immune system modulation.

Mechanism

Thymosin Alpha-1 signals through Toll-like receptors such as TLR-2 and TLR-9 to enhance T-cell maturation, upregulate MHC Class I expression, and balance critical cytokine cascades.

Dosing

Standard research administration protocols document 1.6 mg (64 units on a U-100 syringe) injected subcutaneously twice weekly.

Reconstitution

Reconstituting a 5 mg vial with 2.0 mL of bacteriostatic water produces a working concentration of 2.5 mg/mL (2,500 mcg/mL).

Storage

Store the lyophilized peptide refrigerated at 2–8 °C or frozen at -20 °C, and maintain reconstituted solutions protected from light at 2–8 °C for up to 7 days.

Mix & measure Thymosin Alpha-1 5mg

Pre-filled with this protocol's recommended BAC water and documented starting dose — edit any field to run your own numbers.

Mix & measure Thymosin Alpha-1 5mg

Vial strength → BAC water → target dose

Vial strength

BAC water

Target dose

Concentration2.50mg/mL

Draw volume0.640mL

On the syringe64.0units

Total doses in vial: 3.1

100u80u60u40u20u0

U-100 syringe: 100 units = 1 mL

Reconstitution math only — not dosing advice. U-100 syringe: 100 units = 1 mL. Advanced calculator →

Dosing Chart

Phase / Day(s)	Dose & Frequency	Volume (U-100 units / mL)
Standard (all weeks)	1.6 mg (twice weekly)	64 units (0.64 mL)
Weekly total	3.2 mg / week	128 units (1.28 mL)

Reconstitution Steps

1
Draw 2.0 mL of bacteriostatic water using a sterile syringe.
2
Gently inject the liquid down the inner glass wall of the 5 mg peptide vial to minimize agitation and foaming.
3
Carefully swirl or roll the vial between your palms until the powder is fully dissolved; avoid vigorous shaking.
4
Record the date and resulting concentration (2.5 mg/mL) on the vial label.
5
Place in cold storage at 2–8 °C (35.6–46.4 °F) shielded from light exposure.

Supplies Needed

Peptide Vial

Lyophilized Thymosin Alpha-1 (5 mg)

Insulin Syringes (U-100)

1 mL U-100 sterile syringes for measuring 64-unit doses

Bacteriostatic Water

2.0 mL used to dilute each 5 mg vial

Alcohol Swabs

Antiseptic preparation of vial tops and injection areas

Why researchers study it

Immune modulation and T-cell maturation

Chronic viral infection models (HBV/HCV)

Sepsis and critical illness immune support

Investigational vaccine adjuvant response

These describe what is being studied, not proven benefits, approved uses, or promised results.

Overview

Thymosin Alpha-1 (thymalfasin) is an endogenous 28-amino-acid peptide originally isolated from thymic tissue. Within cellular biology models, it is widely investigated for its capacity to steer immune competency without triggering excessive systemic inflammatory responses. In laboratory and experimental models, researchers evaluate Thymosin Alpha-1 for its regulatory effects on innate and adaptive pathways. It acts primarily by stimulating early-stage thymocyte differentiation into mature helper and cytotoxic T-cell populations, alongside enhancing major histocompatibility complex (MHC) presentation and dendritic cell activation. While clinically approved in over 30 countries under proprietary trade names for conditions such as chronic viral hepatitis and immune deficiency states, research-grade Thymosin Alpha-1 remains restricted strictly to laboratory inquiry in jurisdictions such as the United States.

References

1.Dominari et al., World Journal of Virology, 2020 — Comprehensive review of Thymosin Alpha-1 mechanisms, dosing (0.8–6.4 mg SC), and clinical applications
2.Tao et al., Molecules, 2023 — Thymosin Alpha-1 in viral diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic applications in HBV, HCV, and HIV
3.Soeroto et al., Inflammopharmacology, 2023 — Meta-analysis of Tα1 in COVID-19; significant mortality reduction in moderate-to-critical patients
4.Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2004 — Thymalfasin (Zadaxin) clinical overview: 1.6 mg SC twice weekly for hepatitis B treatment
5.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2007 — Thymosin Alpha-1: biological activities, clinical applications, and pharmacokinetics review
6.Clinical Immunology, 2007 — Mechanisms of thymosin alpha-1 immunomodulation: T-cell maturation and cytokine production
7.Journal of Hepatology, 2001 — Thymosin Alpha-1 as an immune adjuvant in chronic hepatitis B and C: clinical efficacy
8.Critical Care, 2013 — Thymosin Alpha-1 in severe sepsis and critical illness: immune restoration and outcomes