SingleImmune & Gut

Thymosin Alpha-1 10mg

A 28-amino-acid synthetic peptide modeled after thymic hormones to investigate T-cell differentiation and systemic immune modulation.

Mechanism

Thymosin Alpha-1 binds Toll-like receptors TLR-2 and TLR-9 to stimulate dendritic cell maturation, drive precursor T-cell differentiation into functional cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and modulate balanced cytokine signaling.

Dosing

Standard laboratory protocols specify an initial administration of 1.6 mg injected subcutaneously twice per week.

Reconstitution

Reconstituting the 10 mg lyophilized cake with 2.0 mL of bacteriostatic water produces a standard working concentration of 5 mg/mL (5,000 mcg/mL).

Storage

Store the unmixed lyophilized vial at 2–8 °C or frozen at -20 °C protected from light; once reconstituted, refrigerate at 2–8 °C and utilize within 7 days.

Mix & measure Thymosin Alpha-1 10mg

Pre-filled with this protocol's recommended BAC water and documented starting dose — edit any field to run your own numbers.

Mix & measure Thymosin Alpha-1 10mg

Vial strength → BAC water → target dose

Vial strength

BAC water

Target dose

Concentration5.00mg/mL

Draw volume0.320mL

On the syringe32.0units

Total doses in vial: 6.3

100u80u60u40u20u0

U-100 syringe: 100 units = 1 mL

Reconstitution math only — not dosing advice. U-100 syringe: 100 units = 1 mL. Advanced calculator →

Dosing Chart

Phase / Day(s)	Dose & Frequency	Volume (U-100 units / mL)
Standard (all weeks)	1.6 mg (twice weekly)	32 units (0.32 mL)
Weekly total	3.2 mg / week	64 units (0.64 mL)

Reconstitution Steps

1
Draw exactly 2.0 mL of bacteriostatic water using a sterile syringe.
2
Introduce the liquid slowly along the inner glass wall of the 10 mg vial to minimize shear force and froth.
3
Gently rotate and roll the vial between your palms until the lyophilizate fully clears; avoid vigorous shaking.
4
Record the preparation date and concentration on the vial label and store refrigerated at 2–8 °C away from light.

Supplies Needed

Peptide Vial

Lyophilized Thymosin Alpha-1 10 mg container providing active peptide content.

Insulin Syringes (U-100)

Graduated 1 mL / U-100 syringes for precise measurement of 0.32 mL (32 units) aliquots.

Bacteriostatic Water

2.0 mL per vial utilized as the antimicrobial solvent for reconstitution.

Alcohol Swabs

Sterilizing the vial rubber septum and experimental injection sites prior to needle insertion.

Why researchers study it

Investigation of T-cell maturation and innate-adaptive immune modulation

Adjuvant research in viral hepatitis models (HBV and HCV)

Enhancement of antigen presentation and vaccine responsiveness

Immune reconstitution assessments in critical sepsis environments

These describe what is being studied, not proven benefits, approved uses, or promised results.

Overview

Thymosin Alpha-1 (also known as thymalfasin) is an endogenous peptide fragment originally identified within thymosin fraction 5 of the mammalian thymus gland. Structurally defined by a sequence of 28 amino acids, the molecule serves as a primary signal for lymphoid maturation, cellular immunity preservation, and regulated cytokine transcription. Across widespread international research models, it is examined for its ability to correct immune imbalances without triggering systemic pro-inflammatory toxicity. In preclinical and clinical research outside the United States, thymalfasin has served as a critical tool for investigating host defenses against chronic viral infections and severe systemic sepsis. Experimental investigations emphasize its utility as an immunological adjuvant capable of enhancing antibody and cell-mediated responses to viral surface antigens. Because it maintains a distinct safety and tolerability profile across extended administration periods, it remains an essential reference standard in peptide-driven immunology models.

References

1.Dominari et al., World Journal of Virology, 2020 — Comprehensive review of Thymosin Alpha-1 mechanisms, dosing (0.8–6.4 mg SC), and clinical applications
2.Tao et al., Molecules (MDPI), 2023 — Thymosin Alpha-1 in viral diseases — mechanisms and therapeutic applications in HBV, HCV, and HIV
3.Soeroto et al., Inflammopharmacology, 2023 — Meta-analysis of Tα1 in COVID-19; significant mortality reduction in moderate-to-critical patients
4.Clinical Overview, Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, — Thymalfasin (Zadaxin) clinical overview: 1.6 mg SC twice weekly for hepatitis B treatment
5.Review, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, — Thymosin Alpha-1: biological activities, clinical applications, and pharmacokinetics review
6.Mechanisms Review, Clinical Immunology, — Mechanisms of thymosin alpha-1 immunomodulation: T-cell maturation and cytokine production
7.Review, Critical Care, — Thymosin Alpha-1 in severe sepsis and critical illness: immune restoration and outcomes