SS-31 10mg

1. 1

   Draw exactly 1.0 mL of bacteriostatic water using a sterile syringe.

2. 2

   Gently inject the diluent along the interior glass wall of the SS-31 vial to minimize foam formation.

3. 3

   Carefully swirl or roll the vial between palms until the powder fully dissolves; avoid vigorous shaking.

4. 4

   Mark the vial with reconstitution date and concentration (10 mg/mL), then refrigerate immediately at 2–8 °C away from light.

Overview

SS-31 (also known as elamipretide or MTP-131) is a synthetic, cell-permeable tetrapeptide designed to selectively target the inner mitochondrial membrane. Preclinical research indicates that SS-31 directly interacts with cardiolipin, a vital phospholipid responsible for structural integrity and energy transfer within mitochondrial cristae. By supporting cardiolipin integrity, the peptide has demonstrated the ability to enhance electron transport chain efficiency, elevate ATP production, and reduce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell culture and animal models. While elamipretide received accelerated approval under the proprietary name Forzinity strictly for Barth syndrome in late 2025, broader applications—such as those focused on cardiovascular pathology, primary mitochondrial myopathies, and age-related functional decline—remain purely experimental. Several human trials targeting non-Barth conditions did not meet primary clinical endpoints, highlighting the strictly investigational nature of general longevity and metabolic research protocols. In laboratory environments, SS-31 is commonly diluted into a concentrated formulation to simplify administration volume while evaluating cellular bioenergetics. Research models typically observe once-daily dosing over multi-week observational courses to track cumulative impacts on mitochondrial resilience, tissue recovery, and oxidative stress biomarkers.

1. 1.Birk et al., Circulation Research, 2013 — SS-31 binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane and stabilizes cristae structure
2. 2.Szeto et al., Pharmacological Reviews / J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2014 — Mechanism of SS peptides on ATP synthesis and reactive oxygen species reduction
3. 3.U.S. FDA, FDA Announcement, 2025 — Accelerated approval of elamipretide for Barth syndrome
4. 4.Karaa et al., The Lancet Neurology, 2020 — MMPOWER-3 phase 3 clinical evaluation in primary mitochondrial myopathy
5. 5.ClinicalTrials.gov, Trial Registry, 2017 — PROGRESS-HF cardiac evaluations in heart failure
6. 6.Campbell et al., Aging Cell / GeroScience, 2019 — Preclinical studies of SS-31 on age-related mitochondrial dysfunction and muscle performance
7. 7.Dai et al., Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 2013 — SS-31 mitigation of mitochondrial oxidative stress in preclinical models

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